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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 78(2)16 - 31 de Enero 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229261

RESUMO

Introducción La miastenia gravis (MG) y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) son dos de las enfermedades neurológicas en cuya fisiopatología interviene la acetilcolina en distintos niveles. En la primera, la alteración de este neurotransmisor se produce en la unión neuromuscular, y en la segunda, en el sistema nervioso central. Objetivo Analizar la posible relación entre dichas patologías estudiando la prevalencia y la odds ratio de la EA dentro de los pacientes diagnosticados de MG con respecto a la prevalencia de EA en la población general. Pacientes y métodos Se han examinado datos de las historias clínicas electrónicas del sistema de salud de Castilla-La Mancha utilizando el procesamiento de lenguaje natural a través de la plataforma clínica de inteligencia artificial Savana Manager?. Resultados Se ha identificado a 970.503 pacientes mayores de 60 años, de los que 1.028 tenían diagnóstico de MG. La proporción de pacientes con diagnóstico de EA dentro de este grupo (4,28%) es mayor que en el resto de la población (2,82%; p = 0,0047), con una odds ratio de 1,54 (intervalo de confianza al 95%: 1,13-2,08; p = 0,0051), sin que se encuentren diferencias significativas en el análisis bivariante del resto de los factores de riesgo para EA más importantes conocidos hasta ahora. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados sugieren que podría existir un aumento de la prevalencia de EA en pacientes con MG. (AU)


INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two of the most important diseases where the dysregulation of acetylcholine activity plays a crucial role. In the first, this dysregulation happens at the level of the neu­romuscular junction and in the second, in the central nervous system (CNS). AIM To analyze the possible relationship between these two pathologies, analyzing the prevalence and the odds ratio of AD within patients previously diagnosed with MG. We will compare these data with respect to the prevalence of AD in the general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the data obtained by the electronic medical records of patients in the health care system of Castilla La Mancha using the Natural Language Process provided by a clinical platform of artificial intelligence known as the Savana Manager?. RESULTS We identified 970,503 patients over the age of 60 years, of which 1,028 were diagnosed with MG. The proportion of the patients diagnosed with AD within this group (4.28%) was greater than the rest of the population (2.82%) (p = 0,0047) with an odds ratio of 1.54 (confidence interval at 95% 1.13-2.08; p = 0.0051) without finding significant differences in the bivariate analysis for the rest of the most important actual known risk factors for AD. CONCLUSION. Our results suggest that there might be an increase in the prevalence of AD in patients previously diagnosed with MG. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Miastenia Gravis , Doença de Alzheimer , Acetilcolina , Memória , Disfunção Cognitiva , Registros Médicos , Inteligência Artificial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto
2.
Med Clin (Engl Ed) ; 160(8): 347-351, 2023 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37128500

RESUMO

Introduction: Post-COVID olfactory dysfunction continues to be studied due to the controversy of the mechanisms involved. The aim was to investigate the olfactory dysfunctions in association with other post-COVID symptoms. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive and single-center study. The patients had confirmed mild COVID-19 and subjective olfactory dysfunction of more than a month of evolution, which was assessed by Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test. Results: A total of 86 patients participated. The mean age was 37.2 years (SD 9.82). 70.9% reported parosmia and 46.5% symptoms of brain fog. A pathological test result was obtained in 72.1% of the participants. The most failed pen was 11 (apple) in 76.7%. Anosmia of pen 15 (anise) was reported more frequently in 24.4% and cacosmia of pen 9 (garlic) in 27.9%. We observed a significant association between patients who reported parosmias and brain fog (RR 2.18; p = 0.018), also between parosmia and phantosmia (RR 6.042; p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is some pathological selectivity for certain test pens, a higher prevalence of cognitive symptoms and many patients with combined parosmia and brain fog.


Introducción: La alteración olfatoria post-COVID continúa en estudio por la controversia sobre los mecanismos implicados. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar las alteraciones olfatorias y su relación con otros síntomas post-COVID. Material y métodos: Estudio unicéntrico, observacional y descriptivo. Los pacientes tuvieron infección por COVID-19 leve confirmada y disfunción olfatoria subjetiva de más de un mes de evolución, evaluada con el Sniffin' Sticks Olfatory Test. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 86 pacientes. La edad media fue de 37,2 años (DE 9,82). El 70,9% refirieron parosmia y el 46,5% niebla mental. Se obtuvo un test patológico en el 72,1% de los participantes. El lápiz más fallado fue el número 11 (manzana), en el 76,7%. La anosmia fue reportada más frecuentemente con el lápiz 15 (anís) y la cacosmia con el lápiz 9 (ajo) en el 27,9%. Observamos una asociación significativa entre pacientes que refieren parosmias y niebla mental (RR 2,18; p = 0,018) y entre parosmia y fantosmia (RR 6,042; p < 0,001). Conclusión: Se observa anosmia y cacosmia selectiva para algunos olores testados. Hay una alta prevalencia de síntomas cognitivos, más frecuentes en pacientes con parosmia.

3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 160(8): 347-351, abril 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219095

RESUMO

Introduction: Post-COVID olfactory dysfunction continues to be studied due to the controversy of the mechanisms involved. The aim was to investigate the olfactory dysfunctions in association with other post-COVID symptoms.Material and methodsObservational, descriptive and single-center study. The patients had confirmed mild COVID-19 and subjective olfactory dysfunction of more than a month of evolution, which was assessed by Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Test.ResultsA total of 86 patients participated. The mean age was 37.2 years (SD 9.82). 70.9% reported parosmia and 46.5% symptoms of brain fog. A pathological test result was obtained in 72.1% of the participants. The most failed pen was 11 (apple) in 76.7%. Anosmia of pen 15 (anise) was reported more frequently in 24.4% and cacosmia of pen 9 (garlic) in 27.9%. We observed a significant association between patients who reported parosmias and brain fog (RR 2.18; p=0.018), also between parosmia and phantosmia (RR 6.042; p<0.001).ConclusionThere is some pathological selectivity for certain test pens, a higher prevalence of cognitive symptoms and many patients with combined parosmia and brain fog. (AU)


Introducción: La alteración olfatoria post-COVID continúa en estudio por la controversia sobre los mecanismos implicados. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar las alteraciones olfatorias y su relación con otros síntomas post-COVID.Material y métodosEstudio unicéntrico, observacional y descriptivo. Los pacientes tuvieron infección por COVID-19 leve confirmada y disfunción olfatoria subjetiva de más de un mes de evolución, evaluada con el Sniffin’ Sticks Olfatory Test.ResultadosSe seleccionaron 86 pacientes. La edad media fue de 37,2 años (DE 9,82). El 70,9% refirieron parosmia y el 46,5% niebla mental. Se obtuvo un test patológico en el 72,1% de los participantes. El lápiz más fallado fue el número 11 (manzana), en el 76,7%. La anosmia fue reportada más frecuentemente con el lápiz 15 (anís) y la cacosmia con el lápiz 9 (ajo) en el 27,9%. Observamos una asociación significativa entre pacientes que refieren parosmias y niebla mental (RR 2,18; p=0,018) y entre parosmia y fantosmia (RR 6,042; p<0,001).ConclusiónSe observa anosmia y cacosmia selectiva para algunos olores testados. Hay una alta prevalencia de síntomas cognitivos, más frecuentes en pacientes con parosmia. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia
4.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 160(8): 347-351, 2023 04 21.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36670030

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Post-COVID olfactory dysfunction continues to be studied due to the controversy of the mechanisms involved. The aim was to investigate the olfactory dysfunctions in association with other post-COVID symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and single-center study. The patients had confirmed mild COVID-19 and subjective olfactory dysfunction of more than a month of evolution, which was assessed by Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test. RESULTS: A total of 86 patients participated. The mean age was 37.2 years (SD 9.82). 70.9% reported parosmia and 46.5% symptoms of brain fog. A pathological test result was obtained in 72.1% of the participants. The most failed pen was 11 (apple) in 76.7%. Anosmia of pen 15 (anise) was reported more frequently in 24.4% and cacosmia of pen 9 (garlic) in 27.9%. We observed a significant association between patients who reported parosmias and brain fog (RR 2.18; p=0.018), also between parosmia and phantosmia (RR 6.042; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There is some pathological selectivity for certain test pens, a higher prevalence of cognitive symptoms and many patients with combined parosmia and brain fog.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos do Olfato , Adulto , Humanos , COVID-19/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Prevalência , Olfato
5.
Clin Nucl Med ; 47(11): 923-930, 2022 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36215395

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between profile and severity deterioration in the neuropsychological assessment and the most affected regions in amyloid PET semiquantification. The influence of vascular risk and other potential confounding factors was also evaluated. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, and multicenter study including all patients referred for amyloid PET in daily practice was conducted. Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment, and cognitive decline severity and domain(s) affected were recorded. The patients were grouped according to cognitive impairment (CI) profile and severity: (A) no CI, single-domain amnestic CI, multiple-domain amnestic CI, and nonamnestic CI; and (B) mild CI, moderate and severe dementia. An adapted Framingham Stroke Risk Profile was calculated for each individual. Depression and parkinsonism were also recorded. Standardized quantitative analysis software was used to obtain standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) values from PET/CT images. The corresponding associations were assessed with the most appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-nine patients were included (62 men, 67 women; 64.67 ± 7.47 years old). Significant differences in global and regional amyloid load were exclusively found in women between non-CI and moderate dementia ( P = 0.006, for total-cerebellum SUVR). Posterior and anterior cingulates and prefrontal cortex best represented CI severity ( P = 0.003, 0.006, and 0.006, respectively). No relationship between the CI profile and the regional amyloid load was shown. A significantly high positive correlation was found between age and vascular risk and between these variables and amyloid load in nearly all regions, especially in women with moderate dementia. CONCLUSION: Semiquantitative analysis of amyloid PET by SUVR values revealed a significant correlation between amyloid burden and CI severity, although only in women.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Amiloidose , Disfunção Cognitiva , Demência , Idoso , Amiloide/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Compostos de Anilina , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Demência/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estilbenos
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35577491

RESUMO

AIM: To assess the added value of semiquantitative parameters on the visual assessment and to study the patterns of 18F-Florbetaben brain deposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of multicenter study performed in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia of uncertain origin. 18F-Florbetaben PET scans were visually interpreted by two experienced observers, analyzing target regions in order to calculate the interobserver agreement. Semiquantification of all cortical regions with respect to three reference regions was performed to obtain standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). The ability of SUVRs to predict the visual evaluation, the possibility of preferential radiotracer deposition in some target regions and interhemisphere differences were analyzed. RESULTS: 135 patients were evaluated. In the visual assessment, 72 were classified as positive. Interobserver agreement was excellent. All SUVRs were significantly higher in positive PET scans than in negative ones. Prefrontal area and posterior cingulate were the cortical regions with the best correlations with the visual evaluation, followed by the composite region. Using ROC analysis, the SUVRs obtained in same target locations showed the best diagnostic performance. CONCLUSIONS: The derived information from target regions seems to help the visual classification, based on a preferential amyloid ß deposit, allowing machine learning. The amyloid ß deposit, although diffuse in all cortical regions, seems not to be uniform and symmetric.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos de Anilina , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estilbenos
7.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(11): 503-506, 1 dic., 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169961

RESUMO

Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado el número de exploraciones endovasculares en el estudio de la patología tanto cardiovascular como cerebrovascular. Una de las complicaciones poco frecuentes es la neurotoxicidad por contraste y su sospecha resulta imprescindible en el contexto de un déficit neurológico tras dichas exploraciones para llegar a su diagnóstico. Caso clínico. Varón de 61 años que tras una arteriografía diagnóstica en el estudio de una hemorragia subaracnoidea presentó una crisis epiléptica y posteriormente déficit hemisférico izquierdo. Tras descartar una patología vascular urgente, se realizó una resonancia magnética cerebral con sospecha de encefalopatía poscontraste. La clínica se limitó en 72 horas con corticoterapia. Conclusiones. La encefalopatía por contraste abarca un amplio espectro clínico, en la inmensa mayoría de los casos autolimitado en 24-72 horas, y en el contexto del daño neuronal tras la infusión de contraste. Su pronóstico es excelente y la sospecha diagnóstica es vital en el tratamiento (AU)


Introduction. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of endovascular examinations in the study of both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. One very infrequent complication is neurotoxicity due to contrast, and it must be suspected within the context of a neurological deficit following such examinations in order to be able to diagnose it. Case report. A 61-year-old male who presented an epileptic attack and later deficit in the left hemisphere following diagnostic arteriography. After ruling out the possibility of an urgent vascular pathology, he was submitted to a magnetic resonance brain scan with the suspicion of this condition. The clinical signs and symptoms were limited to 72 hours with cortisone therapy. Conclusions. Contrast-induced encephalopathy covers a wide range of clinical features which, in the vast majority of cases, are self-limiting to 24-72 hours, and within the context of neuronal damage following contrast infusion. Its prognosis is excellent, and diagnostic suspicion is crucial in its treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Encefalopatias/induzido quimicamente , Extravasamento de Materiais Terapêuticos e Diagnósticos/complicações , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Angiografia , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/diagnóstico , Iodo/efeitos adversos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações
18.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 116(11): 401-407, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2999

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO: Determinar la prevalencia de demencia y sus subtipos en una población de bajo nivel educativo, y evaluar si existe asociación entre la ocupación, la educación y la demencia. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal poblacional en una muestra de 3.214 personas representativa de la población de Toledo, de 65 o más años, extraída mediante muestreo aleatorio polietápico. En la primera fase se utilizó el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) para detectar a las personas con deterioro cognitivo. La segunda fase consistió en la realización de una entrevista clínica semiestructurada y de una evaluación neuropsicológica. La demencia y sus subtipos se determinaron utilizando criterios diagnósticos bien establecidos. El proceso se realizó mediante un algoritmo que optimó el acuerdo diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de demencia global, enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia vascular alcanzó el 7,6, el 4,6 por ciento y el 1,8 por ciento, respectivamente. Se observó una relación directa entre estas tres entidades y la edad. La prevalencia de demencia fue mayor en mujeres, analfabetos y quienes tenían ocupaciones que requerían un menor nivel de instrucción. Tras el ajuste por otras variables sociodemográficas, sólo la edad se asoció con la presencia de demencia. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de la demencia global, demencia tipo Alzheimer y demencia vascular aumenta con la edad. No se ha encontrado una asociación clara entre la educación, la ocupación y la demencia (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Perna (Membro) , Espanha , Prevalência , Dor , Ocupações , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Dor nas Costas , Doença Crônica , Demência , Avaliação da Deficiência , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade
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